import fs from "node:fs";
import path from "node:path";
import crypto from "node:crypto";

const KEY = /^[A-Za-z0-9][A-Za-z0-9_-]{0,63}$/;
const SKIPPED_DIRECTORIES = new Set(["node_modules", ".git"]);
const INSTALL_MARKER = ".dev-server-install";

export function assertInstanceKey(value) {
  if (typeof value !== "string" || !KEY.test(value)) throw new Error("Invalid execution key");
  return value;
}

/**
 * The directory an execution's copy lives in. One path segment, derived from the key and never
 * from anything the caller wrote, so there is no path to traverse out of.
 */
export function instanceDirectory(instancesRoot, key) {
  return path.join(instancesRoot, assertInstanceKey(key));
}

/**
 * A HOME of its own for each execution, which is how the caches of every toolchain but npm end up
 * isolated without a line of per-toolchain code: Maven's ~/.m2 and pip's ~/.cache both follow HOME.
 *
 * <p>Maven matters most here. npm's shared cache is safe because `npm ci` verifies every package
 * against the lockfile, so a tampered cache entry fails the install; Maven has no lockfile to
 * verify against, so a shared local repository would be a channel from one execution into the
 * next. It lives outside the copied tree so a refresh does not throw it away.
 *
 * <p>The leading dot is what keeps it from colliding with a copy: an execution key can never start
 * with one.
 */
export function homeDirectory(instancesRoot, key) {
  return path.join(instancesRoot, ".homes", assertInstanceKey(key));
}

function sourceDirectory(workspaceRoot, key) {
  const root = fs.realpathSync(workspaceRoot);
  const candidate = path.join(root, assertInstanceKey(key));
  if (!fs.existsSync(candidate)) throw new Error(`No workspace has been written for this execution yet: ${key}`);
  const real = fs.realpathSync(candidate);
  const relative = path.relative(root, real);
  // The execution's own directory is written by the coding agent, so it can be replaced by a
  // symlink to somewhere else entirely. Refusing here is what keeps one execution out of another.
  if (relative.startsWith("..") || path.isAbsolute(relative)) throw new Error(`Workspace for ${key} escapes the workspace root`);
  if (!fs.statSync(real).isDirectory()) throw new Error(`Workspace for ${key} is not a directory`);
  return real;
}

/**
 * Copies one execution's tree, dropping every symlink and skipping node_modules and .git.
 *
 * <p>Symlinks are dropped rather than followed or preserved: the tree is untrusted input, and a
 * link to another execution's directory would turn the copy - whose whole purpose is isolation -
 * into a window onto it. A project that genuinely needs a symlink will notice its absence, which
 * is a better failure than a silent hole in the boundary.
 *
 * <p>node_modules is skipped because the install recreates it, and copying 333 MB of it would be
 * the slowest part of every start. .git is skipped because a dev server has no use for it.
 */
function copyTree(source, target, limits, counters = { entries: 0, bytes: 0 }) {
  fs.mkdirSync(target, { recursive: true, mode: 0o755 });
  for (const entry of fs.readdirSync(source, { withFileTypes: true })) {
    if (entry.isSymbolicLink()) continue;
    if (entry.isDirectory() && SKIPPED_DIRECTORIES.has(entry.name)) continue;
    if (++counters.entries > limits.maxEntries) throw new Error(`Workspace exceeds ${limits.maxEntries} entries`);
    const from = path.join(source, entry.name);
    const to = path.join(target, entry.name);
    if (entry.isDirectory()) {
      copyTree(from, to, limits, counters);
    } else if (entry.isFile()) {
      const size = fs.statSync(from).size;
      counters.bytes += size;
      if (counters.bytes > limits.maxBytes) throw new Error(`Workspace exceeds ${limits.maxBytes} bytes`);
      fs.copyFileSync(from, to);
    }
    // Sockets, fifos and devices are neither copied nor reported: they cannot be part of a
    // project a dev server serves, and refusing the whole start over one would be worse.
  }
  return counters;
}

/** Everything in the copy except what the install produced, so a refresh keeps the slow part. */
function pruneProjectFiles(target) {
  for (const entry of fs.readdirSync(target, { withFileTypes: true })) {
    if (entry.name === INSTALL_MARKER || (entry.isDirectory() && entry.name === "node_modules")) continue;
    fs.rmSync(path.join(target, entry.name), { recursive: true, force: true });
  }
}

/**
 * Makes the execution's copy current with the workspace, and reports whether the dependency
 * install still matches the lockfile it was run for.
 */
export function prepareInstanceWorkspace({ workspaceRoot, instancesRoot, key, limits }) {
  const source = sourceDirectory(workspaceRoot, key);
  const target = instanceDirectory(instancesRoot, key);
  if (fs.existsSync(target)) pruneProjectFiles(target);
  const counters = copyTree(source, target, {
    maxEntries: limits?.maxEntries ?? 20000,
    maxBytes: limits?.maxBytes ?? 512 * 1024 * 1024
  });
  const home = homeDirectory(instancesRoot, key);
  fs.mkdirSync(home, { recursive: true, mode: 0o700 });
  return { source, target, home, ...counters, installIsCurrent: installIsCurrent(target) };
}

/**
 * The files that decide what an install produces, across the toolchains the image carries.
 *
 * <p>A fingerprint of these is what makes a repeated start cheap. It deliberately does not look
 * for node_modules as evidence of an install: a Maven or Python project never has one, and
 * treating its absence as "not installed yet" would re-run every install forever.
 */
const DEPENDENCY_MANIFESTS = [
  "package-lock.json", "npm-shrinkwrap.json", "yarn.lock", "pnpm-lock.yaml",
  "pom.xml", "requirements.txt", "poetry.lock", "pyproject.toml", "Pipfile.lock"
];

function lockfileFingerprint(target) {
  const hash = crypto.createHash("sha256");
  let found = false;
  for (const name of DEPENDENCY_MANIFESTS) {
    const file = path.join(target, name);
    if (fs.existsSync(file)) {
      hash.update(name).update(fs.readFileSync(file));
      found = true;
    }
  }
  return found ? hash.digest("hex") : null;
}

function installIsCurrent(target) {
  const marker = path.join(target, INSTALL_MARKER);
  if (!fs.existsSync(marker)) return false;
  const fingerprint = lockfileFingerprint(target);
  // With no manifest there is nothing to compare, so the install can never be declared current:
  // re-running it is slow, while serving stale dependencies is wrong.
  return fingerprint !== null && fs.readFileSync(marker, "utf8").trim() === fingerprint;
}

export function recordInstall(target) {
  const fingerprint = lockfileFingerprint(target);
  if (fingerprint) fs.writeFileSync(path.join(target, INSTALL_MARKER), fingerprint);
}

export function removeInstanceWorkspace(instancesRoot, key) {
  // Both, or the disk is never really reclaimed: a Maven repository outlives the tree that pulled
  // it and is the larger half of what an execution leaves behind.
  fs.rmSync(instanceDirectory(instancesRoot, key), { recursive: true, force: true });
  fs.rmSync(homeDirectory(instancesRoot, key), { recursive: true, force: true });
}